Synthetic Biology

Provocatively and optimistically named synthetic biology is the study of creating engineering-style models of living systems. It can utilize such methods as simulation or optimization to create predictive models, or the simplest descriptive methods to sketch out the interaction of biological systems. The basic idea has been around for many years, but it has been evolving steadily as engineering and biology start to share methods, from the MIT Tech Review, a good example:

Students use synthetic biology to boost health benefits of bacteria
Students taking part in the International Genetically Engineered Machines competition at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are using synthetic biology techniques to improve the health benefits of edible microbes. One project aims to genetically engineer bacteria found in yogurt to combat cavities. Another focuses on gut microbes that could provide a more lasting solution to lactose intolerance.

Just mentioned Bitebot is another example.
.