Been following the idea and progress of preforming analytics and AI at the 'edge', or physically close to where it will be used. Here an abstract for an article on current research. Note this had been called by some 'fog' computing, but the term 'edge computing' seems to have taken over. I also link to other articles about OpenFog, but little seems to be happening there. Note the suggestion of more direct competition between cloud and edge architectures.
Research for Practice: Edge Computing By Nitesh Mor in the ACM
Communications of the ACM, April 2019, Vol. 62 No. 4, Page 95
10.1145/3303876
Cloud computing, a term that elicited significant hesitation and criticism at one time, is now the de facto standard for running always-on services and batch-computation jobs a like. In more recent years, the cloud has become a significant enabler for the IoT (Internet of Things). Network-connected IoT devices—in homes, offices, factories, public infrastructure, and just about everywhere else—are significant sources of data that must be handled and acted upon. The cloud has emerged as an obvious support platform because of its cheap data storage and processing capabilities, but can this trend of relying exclusively on the cloud infrastructure continue indefinitely?
For the applications of tomorrow, computing is moving out of the silos of far-away datacenters and into everyday lives. This trend has been called edge computing (https://invent.ge/2BIhzQR), fog computing (https://bit.ly/2eYXUxj), cloudlets (http://elijah.cs.cmu.edu/), as well as other designations. In this article, edge computing serves as an umbrella term for this trend. While cloud computing infrastructures proliferated because of flexible pay-as-you-go economics and the ability to outsource resource management, edge computing is a growing trend to satisfy the needs of richer applications by enabling lower latency, higher bandwidth, and improved reliability. Plus, both privacy concerns and legislation that require data to be confined to a specific physical infrastructure are also driving factors for edge computing. .... "
Showing posts with label Fog Computing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Fog Computing. Show all posts
Tuesday, March 26, 2019
Saturday, June 09, 2018
Open Fog Consortium
The Open Fog Consortium
Welcome to the Fog Computing Era
The growth in IoT is explosive, impressive – and unsustainable under current architectural approaches. Many IoT deployments face challenges related to latency, network bandwidth, reliability and security, which cannot be addressed in cloud-only models. Fog computing adds a hierarchy of elements between the cloud and endpoint devices, and between devices and gateways, to meet these challenges in a high performance, open and interoperable way
We're defining an Open, Interoperable Fog Architecture
Our work is centered around creating a framework for efficient & reliable networks and intelligent endpoints combined with identifiable, secure, and privacy-friendly information flows between clouds, endpoints and services based on open standard technologies. .... "
Members include: ARM, Cisco, Dell, Intel, Microsoft, Princeton, GE, Foxconn, Hitachi, Sakura
Welcome to the Fog Computing Era
The growth in IoT is explosive, impressive – and unsustainable under current architectural approaches. Many IoT deployments face challenges related to latency, network bandwidth, reliability and security, which cannot be addressed in cloud-only models. Fog computing adds a hierarchy of elements between the cloud and endpoint devices, and between devices and gateways, to meet these challenges in a high performance, open and interoperable way
We're defining an Open, Interoperable Fog Architecture
Our work is centered around creating a framework for efficient & reliable networks and intelligent endpoints combined with identifiable, secure, and privacy-friendly information flows between clouds, endpoints and services based on open standard technologies. .... "
Members include: ARM, Cisco, Dell, Intel, Microsoft, Princeton, GE, Foxconn, Hitachi, Sakura
Fog Computing Meets the BlockChain
Thought provoking idea. If Fog Computing is computing on the Edge, especially in things like an IoT, why think of this for a distributed ledger? Because we don't have trusted elements. The trust can be distributed, like the things that compose the architecture. Smart contracts too must separate elements of trust.
Blockchain and Fog: Made for Each Other by Frank Michaud in Cisco Blog
" ... One of the challenges in a distributed computing environment such as fog computing is how to safeguard network resources and transactions with an equally distributed security structure. Fog computing creates a sort of mesh system where all nodes have equal roles, based on their capacities, and onto which we distribute computational loads. Along with distributed computing, we need distributed trust and security. This is especially important for cases where the infrastructure and layers of the fog node stack are owned and manage by many different entities.
How do you manage trust in a decentralized, distributed manner among actors that don’t necessarily trust each other? Blockchain technology is made for this kind of challenge.
There is a natural match between fog computing and blockchain—or distributed ledger technology. This is not only true in cases where different actors need to work together but don’t trust each other, it’s also true for disconnected or autonomous systems. The autonomous features of fog computing require trusted transactions in situations where a system has to function while disconnected from the cloud or data center. As fog technology becomes a critical part of more Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G applications, there is a growing need to leverage distributed ledger technology to establish consensus for each transaction.
Not every blockchain consensus mechanism is suitable for fog applications. For example, ”Proof-of-Work” (PoW) consensus requires massive computing capacity and power to solve a complex puzzle, so couldn’t be hosted on a fog device. But there are many other protocols such as “Proof of Stake” (PoS) that are capable of running on nodes with similar capacities of fog nodes.
As part of its mission to accelerate the adoption of fog computing, the OpenFog Consortium is working on building an interoperable and composable architecture for blockchain in fog environments. That implies having different entities in the system that don’t trust, or even know, each other but need to make a consensus decision in a distributed system. The Consortium’s work in this area supports “autonomy,” one of the eight pillars of the OpenFog Reference Architecture.
This is why we are already seeing several blockchain-oriented startups join the OpenFog Consortium, including:
iExec: The first blockchain-based marketplace for decentralized cloud computing
Hyperchain: Enterprise-level blockchain platform for fraud prevention, data trading, supply chain, and securities
KeyChain: Global blockchain data security infrastructure for finance, industry and enterprise
Xage: The first blockchain-protected security platform for Industrial IoT
SONM: Distributed cloud services such as PaaS and IaaS, based on fog computing and secured by blockchain
Aetherworks: Original software for distributed systems, including software-defined storage and fog computing ... "
Blockchain and Fog: Made for Each Other by Frank Michaud in Cisco Blog
" ... One of the challenges in a distributed computing environment such as fog computing is how to safeguard network resources and transactions with an equally distributed security structure. Fog computing creates a sort of mesh system where all nodes have equal roles, based on their capacities, and onto which we distribute computational loads. Along with distributed computing, we need distributed trust and security. This is especially important for cases where the infrastructure and layers of the fog node stack are owned and manage by many different entities.
How do you manage trust in a decentralized, distributed manner among actors that don’t necessarily trust each other? Blockchain technology is made for this kind of challenge.
There is a natural match between fog computing and blockchain—or distributed ledger technology. This is not only true in cases where different actors need to work together but don’t trust each other, it’s also true for disconnected or autonomous systems. The autonomous features of fog computing require trusted transactions in situations where a system has to function while disconnected from the cloud or data center. As fog technology becomes a critical part of more Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G applications, there is a growing need to leverage distributed ledger technology to establish consensus for each transaction.
Not every blockchain consensus mechanism is suitable for fog applications. For example, ”Proof-of-Work” (PoW) consensus requires massive computing capacity and power to solve a complex puzzle, so couldn’t be hosted on a fog device. But there are many other protocols such as “Proof of Stake” (PoS) that are capable of running on nodes with similar capacities of fog nodes.
As part of its mission to accelerate the adoption of fog computing, the OpenFog Consortium is working on building an interoperable and composable architecture for blockchain in fog environments. That implies having different entities in the system that don’t trust, or even know, each other but need to make a consensus decision in a distributed system. The Consortium’s work in this area supports “autonomy,” one of the eight pillars of the OpenFog Reference Architecture.
This is why we are already seeing several blockchain-oriented startups join the OpenFog Consortium, including:
iExec: The first blockchain-based marketplace for decentralized cloud computing
Hyperchain: Enterprise-level blockchain platform for fraud prevention, data trading, supply chain, and securities
KeyChain: Global blockchain data security infrastructure for finance, industry and enterprise
Xage: The first blockchain-protected security platform for Industrial IoT
SONM: Distributed cloud services such as PaaS and IaaS, based on fog computing and secured by blockchain
Aetherworks: Original software for distributed systems, including software-defined storage and fog computing ... "
Sunday, August 07, 2016
Fog Computing for Distributed IoT Analytics
I like the emergence of new ways to address the complexity and volume of data.
How IoT Can Benefit from Fog Computing By Ben Dickson. ...
What I’m mentioning a lot these days (and hearing about it as well) is the chaotic propagation and growth of the Internet of Things. With billions of devices slated to connect to the internet every year, we’re going to be facing some serious challenges. I’ve already discussed how blockchain technology might address connectivity issues for huge IoT ecosystems.
But connectivity accounts for a small part of the problems we’ll be facing. Another challenge will be processing and making sense of the huge reams of data that IoT devices are generating. Close on its heels will be the issue of latency or how fast an IoT system can react to events. And as always, security and privacy issues will remain one of the top items in the IoT challenge list.
Fog computing (aka edge computing) can help mitigate – if not overcome – these challenges. As opposed to the cloud, where all the computation takes place in a central location, fog computing pushes the computation of tasks toward the edge of the network and distributes it among smart routers or gateways. The term and concept was coined by networking giant Cisco even before the IoT became a buzzword, but it was the advent of the Internet of Things that provided it with true, legitimate use cases. .... "
How IoT Can Benefit from Fog Computing By Ben Dickson. ...
What I’m mentioning a lot these days (and hearing about it as well) is the chaotic propagation and growth of the Internet of Things. With billions of devices slated to connect to the internet every year, we’re going to be facing some serious challenges. I’ve already discussed how blockchain technology might address connectivity issues for huge IoT ecosystems.
But connectivity accounts for a small part of the problems we’ll be facing. Another challenge will be processing and making sense of the huge reams of data that IoT devices are generating. Close on its heels will be the issue of latency or how fast an IoT system can react to events. And as always, security and privacy issues will remain one of the top items in the IoT challenge list.
Fog computing (aka edge computing) can help mitigate – if not overcome – these challenges. As opposed to the cloud, where all the computation takes place in a central location, fog computing pushes the computation of tasks toward the edge of the network and distributes it among smart routers or gateways. The term and concept was coined by networking giant Cisco even before the IoT became a buzzword, but it was the advent of the Internet of Things that provided it with true, legitimate use cases. .... "
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